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三偏心蝶阀的发展及应用

发布时间:2008/10/22 16:09:50
浏览次数:641
摘  要: 本文讲述了蝶阀的分类及特点,并重点讲述了三偏心蝶阀的发展。同时介绍了日本tritec三偏心蝶阀的特殊设计。
关键字: 三偏心蝶阀 结构 发展 tritec三偏心蝶阀

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     在许多亚太国家中、由于受本国的阀门设计制造水平的局限、以及传统教科书的影响、对碟阀的偏见仍很大。而与此同时、欧美的*发达工业国家却正在大力推广、积极使用碟阀。

      道理很简单、碟阀已今非昔比。巴蝶阀门株式会社的三偏心碟阀tritec、其适用范围已可以耐压高达 2500 磅级、耐温低至 -196 ℃、高达 700 ℃、密封达到 0 泄漏、调控比高达100:1以上。也就是说、在各种严酷、关键的过程控制管线上、不论是开关阀还是调控阀、只要选型得当、现在都可以放心地使用碟阀、而且成本低廉。蝶阀的性能与其自身不断地偏心、演变、发展密切相关。为满足各种工况要求、蝶阀先后经历了从同心向单偏心、双偏心和三偏心的演变。碟阀的演变过程及3偏心碟阀的发展和应用简单介绍如下∶ 

      一、蝶阀分类

      1、同心蝶阀

     该种蝶阀的结构特征为阀杆轴心、蝶板中心、本体中心在同一位置上。结构简单、制造方便。常见的衬胶蝶阀即属于此类。缺点是由于蝶板与阀座始终处于挤压、刮擦状态、阻距大、磨损快。为克服挤压、刮擦、保证密封性能、阀座基本上采用橡胶或聚四氟乙烯等弹性材料、但也因而在使用上受到温度的限制、这就是为什么传统上人们认为蝶阀不耐高温的原因。 

      2、单偏心蝶

    为解决同心蝶阀的蝶板与阀座的挤压问题、由此产生了单偏心蝶阀、其结构特征为阀杆轴心偏离了蝶板中心、从而使蝶板上下端不再成为回转轴心、分散、减轻了蝶板上下端与阀座的过度挤压。但由于单偏心构造在阀门的整个开关过程中蝶板与阀座的刮擦现象并未消失、在应用范围上和同心蝶阀大同小异、故采用不多。

      3、双偏心蝶阀

    在单偏心蝶阀的基础上进一步改良成型的就是目前应用zui广泛的双偏心蝶阀。其结构特征为在阀杆轴心既偏离蝶板中心、也偏离本体中心。双偏心的效果使阀门被开启后蝶板能迅即脱离阀座、大幅度地消除了蝶板与阀座的不必要的过度挤压、刮擦现象、减轻了开启阻距、降低了磨损、提高了阀座寿命。刮擦的大幅度降低、同时还使得双偏心蝶阀也可以采用金属阀座、提高了蝶阀在高温领域的应用。但因为其密封原理属位置密封构造、即蝶板与阀座的密封面为线接触、通过蝶板挤压阀座所造成的弹性变形产生密封效果、故对关闭位置要求很高(特别是金属阀座)、承压能力低、这就是为什么传统上人们认为蝶阀不耐高压、泄漏量大的原因。 

      4、三偏心蝶阀

    要耐高温、必须使用硬密封、但泄漏量大;要零泄漏、必须使用软密封、却不耐高温。为克服双偏心蝶阀这一矛盾、又对蝶阀进行了第三次偏心。其结构特征为在双偏心的阀杆轴心位置偏心的同时、使蝶板密封面的圆锥型轴线偏斜于本体圆柱轴线、也就是说、经过第三次偏心后、蝶板的密封断面不再是真圆、而是椭圆、其密封面形状也因此而不对称、一边倾斜于本体中心线、另一边则平行于本体中心线。

    这第三次偏心的zui大特点就是从根本上改变了密封构造、不再是位置密封、而是扭力密封、即不是依靠阀座的弹性变形、而是*依靠阀座的接触面压来达到密封效果、因此一举解决了金属阀座零泄漏这一难题、并因接触面压与介质压力是成正比的、耐高压高温也迎刃而解。 

      二、三偏心蝶阀的发展

    三偏心碟阀自问世以来、为满足日益严酷的工况要求、其本身也经历着自我完善和不断发展的过程。即便zui基本的零泄漏、理论上三偏心碟阀都可以做到、但实际上还是有赖于周密的设计、精密的制造。巴蝶阀门株式会社在吸取、总结其他品牌三偏心碟阀的长短处的基础上、推出了自己的*特色的三偏心碟阀tritec、其特点如下∶

      1、api 规格

    *、api609已事实上成为工业重要管线上用阀门的规格。而tritec则全面严格按照api609规格的1997年版设计、制造。更可贵的是、tritec的基本设计不仅仅局限于api一个规格、bs5155 ansi b16.34 、asme sec viii等各大规格都能对应、这保证了tritec在所有的工业领域都有用武之地。

      2、双重安全构造

      tritec严格按照api609的规格要求、为防止因受流体压力、温度的影响而引起的蝶板变形、阀杆错位、密封面咬合、在蝶板上下侧分别装有两个各自独立的止推环、从而保证了阀门在任何工况下的正常工作;

     同时、为防止未知原因所引起的阀杆破损、飞出而造成的突发事故、在阀门下端内外两处设计了各自独立的阀杆飞出防止机构、这也从侧面保证了tritec的压力等级可以做到高达 2500 磅级。

      3、无死区设计

     tritec在设计过程中、特别考虑了在调控领域中的应用问题、充分利用三偏心蝶阀的密封原理、做到了阀门开关时蝶板不刮擦阀座、阀杆的扭矩通过蝶板直接传递至密封面、也就是说蝶板与阀座间几乎无磨擦现象发生、从而杜绝了打开普通阀门是所常见的跳跃现象、*了阀门的低开度范围内因磨擦等各种不安定因素所造成的调控不能现象、即*了死区(不感带)、这意味着tritec几乎可以从0开度开始即进入可调控区域、直至90开度、其正常调控比是一般蝶阀的2倍以上、调控比zui高可高达100:1以上。这为tritec作为调控阀使用创造了良好的条件、特别是在大口径时、截止阀的成本*、另外、截止阀无法实现零泄漏、在需要紧急关断的工况中、必须在截止阀的旁侧加装关断阀、而tritec集调控与关断于一身、其经济效益是极其可观的。

      4、本体阀座构造

    三偏心蝶阀的阀座安装构造有两种、大多数是为图方便而安装在蝶板上,但tritec则采用了本体阀座构造、将阀座安装在本体上。其优点是与蝶板阀座相比、大大减少了阀座直接接触介质的机会、从而降低了阀座受冲蚀的程度、延长了阀座的使用寿命。

       5、薄层片阀座结构

     tritec的阀座由不锈钢薄片与石墨薄片层叠而成、这种结构可以有效地防止介质中的微小固形物的影响和热膨胀所可能引起的密封面咬合、即使出现微小的损伤、也不会产生泄漏、而这在对双偏心蝶阀或其它三偏心蝶阀来说是不可想像的。

      6、可更换式密封

     tritec的密封副可谓独树一帜、不但本体阀座可以更换、而且由于蝶板密封面与蝶板是独立的、蝶板密封面可也可以更换、也就是说当蝶板密封面受损时、不必再兴师动众地运回制造厂或大举分解阀门、只需调换蝶板密封面即可、这不但大大降低了保养成本、还大大减少了维修工时和检修强度与难度。 

      7、均衡固定结构

     从三偏心蝶阀的密封面形状特点出发、tritec的密封副固定方式采用了螺栓椭圆形分布固定、不但定位、而且还使每个螺栓都均衡受力、杜绝了因应力分布不均而产生的密封副松动、泄漏。

      8、本质耐火构造

    很多阀门都声称具有耐火构造、但其中极大部分阀门为了减少泄漏量而采用了软硬双重阀座构造、其实这很危险。因为火灾时软密封阀座的不*燃烧会使金属支持阀座产生应力、温差变形、从而导致耐火机能失灵。所以、目前欧美正在逐渐排除这类名不副实的耐火阀。tritrc因为是零泄漏、所以不需要软密封的介助、属名副其实的本质耐火构造、并获有api607、api6fa和bs6755part2的耐火检验合格认可证书。这保证了tritec可以被应用于石油、石化等各种危险区域。在保守的英国、其北海油田的各个关键部位所使用的阀门、几乎全被tritec囊括即是的例证。

      9、高密封填料构造

    在阀门的泄漏问题上、传统上往往都集中于阀座的泄漏、即内漏、而忽略了填料部的泄漏、即外漏。而实际上、在目前环境问题被日益重视的当代社会、外漏危害性远大于内漏已成为不争的事实。tritec三偏心蝶阀属回转型阀门、其阀杆动作仅为90°回转而已、这与闸阀、截止阀等阀杆动作为螺旋多回转往复运动相比、其填料部所受磨损程度很低、相对地使用寿命很长、更由于tritec在填料密封等防止外部泄漏构造上、采取了zui高标准设计、从而可以在按照epa21规格下进行外部泄漏测试时、标准密封性能保证在100ppm以下。而实际上在现有的tritec的测试成绩中、在劳埃德的监测情况下、外部泄漏值低至7ppm。这些指标都意味着tritec可以在化工等各种领域中的有毒、有害介质管线中大显身手。

      三、三偏心蝶阀的应用

    综上所述、三偏心蝶阀作为阀门科技的结晶、扬各种阀门之长、避各种阀门之短、必将越来越受到广大用户和设计人员的重视。巴蝶阀门株式会社的tritec、其zui大压力等级可以到达2500磅级、标准口径可以做到48英寸、而且对夹、凸耳、法兰、环接、对接焊、夹套、各种结构长度等都可以对应、更由于tritec的材料选择余地很大、高低温及各种酸、碱等腐蚀性介质也都能对应自如。特别是在大口径方面、以其零泄漏的优势、在关断阀上、正在不断地取代粗大的闸阀和球阀、同样、以其优异的调控机能、在调控阀上、也正在不断地取代笨重的截止阀。作为事实、到目前为止、tritec已被使用在包括中国在内的石油天然气开采、海上平台、石油精练、石油化工、无机化工、能源发电等各大工业领域的过程控制等各种重要管线上。

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